Health and Longevity

Ophthalmia – a description of the disease

Ophthalmia (the word comes from the Greek bl?nnos – mucus and rh?? – current, hereinafter – “O.”) – an acute purulent inflammation of the mucous membrane (conjunctiva), eye, caused by gonococcus.

There are 2 forms of ophthalmia: newborns and adults. Infection in most cases, neonatal ophthalmia occurs during the passage of the fetal head through the birth canal of the mother with gonorrhea. O. appears on 2 – 3rd day of life and is characterized by a very strong first edema of both eyelids after 2 – 3 days begins copious pus. In severe cases, the process may be involved in the cornea, formed ulcer healing scar and leave a thorn. In some cases, the disease leads to blindness.– Далее –

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Disease of infants

Anemia in children

Anemic infants most often develops on the basis of digestive disorders, overfeeding and too prolonged milk feeding. Cure this deficiency anemia can be achieved by limiting the dairy regime. Less milk, more grains and beans, more iron-rich than milk – these are the basic principles in the treatment of anemia in infants.

If the child is breast-fed, the number of feedings should be resolved, following at least a 3-hour intervals, beginning at 10 months of feeding of gruel or soup 1 per day.

If the baby is bottle-fed, it should be avoided overfeeding milk, give no more than 150 ml of milk every 3 hours.

Useful salty warm baths, warm perfusion.

How can you spend more time outdoors.

Disease, Thesaurus

Anemia – a description of the disease

Anemia (derived from the Greek an – negative particle and h?ima – blood, hereinafter – “A.”) – is anemia, a group of disease^[ru] characterized by reduced hemoglobin content in red blood cells (dye blood carries oxygen), the number of red blood cells per unit volume human blood given gender and age, and the total weight of blood in the human body. A number of causes painful changes due to impaired supply of oxygen. The intensity of these symptoms depends on the degree of anemia and on the speed of its development.

The most important general symptoms of anemia – fatigue, pale skin, shortness of breath, dizziness, tendency to faint. A. caused by three main factors: blood loss, impaired hematopoiesis, and increased kroverazrushenie.

A. associated with acute blood loss develops with wounds, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, nasal, uterine, less renal hemorrhage. A. At this suddenly appear sharp pallor, dizziness, tinnitus, thirst. It will not be life-threatening conditions, one should immediately stop bleeding that often requires surgical intervention, use styptics, blood transfusions.– Далее –

Premature babies

Characteristics of the disease in preterm infants

Premature babies, especially in the first months of life, the disease occur originally. Symptoms of many diseases ^[ru]and fuzzy weakly expressed at normal temperature. If you have a premature baby fever, the reason for this we must first seek to overheating. Since immunity in premature infants sharply reduced, the various diseases they may take a protracted course, complicated by septic phenomena.

Disease in preterm infants

The most frequent diseases in these children in the first months of life are the flu, ear infection, pneumonia and diarrhea. In the first days of life, premature infants are particularly susceptible to the intracranial and spinal bleeding, as well as bleeding in the lungs, skin, adrenal glands, etc. Particular care should be protected from influenza. At a time of influenza epidemics to the child^[ru] can be approached only in the mask or gauze bandage. If the mother is sick with influenza, the child should be fed expressed breast milk, and after recovery feeding mother should wear a mask.– Далее –

Disease, Thesaurus

Disease – description level of health

Disease (болезнь) – a process that occurs as a result of effects on the malicious (emergency) stimulus external or internal environment, characterized by reduced adaptability of the living organism to the environment with simultaneous mobilization of its defenses. The disease manifests itself disequilibrium with the environment, are expressed in the occurrence of side (inadequate) reactions and a man – a decline to the illness of his disability.

Disease

The development of a common understanding of disease changed over the history of medicine. The ancient Greek physician and reformer of ancient medicine Hippocrates cause of the disease is considered misuse of mixing four basic body fluids: blood, phlegm, yellow and black bile (venous blood). Around the same time, based on the atomistic theory of ancient Greek materialist philosopher Democritus, the idea arose that the disease develops as a result of changes in the shape of atoms and their incorrect arrangement. At the end of the old and the beginning of a new era, and especially in the Middle Ages, idealistic views on the doctrine of the disease, according to which the soul or a special kind of life force (“Archean”), defines the struggle of the body to changes caused by boleznfmi.– Далее –

Child health, Newborn Care, Premature babies

Feeding preterm infants

Feeding preterm infants in the neonatal period is critical. This task is quite difficult, because these children^[ru] reduced tolerance to food. In addition, infants with severe prematurity are not only unable to take the breast, but also to suck from a bottle or pipette due to the immaturity of the sucking reflex. The difficulty lies in the fact that, along with low stamina to food there is an increased need for it. Such a child with an initial weight of 1800 g doubles its weight to 3 months, and 6 months to triple it. The rapid growth of these children require a lot more protein and minerals.

If the child takes the breast, it is applied to the chest. Since children tire quickly sucking, they should be applied to the chest of 3 to 5 times a day, then finish feeding with expressed breast milk from a bottle with a spoon, a pipette. If a child can not suck, then it is fed with a spoon, a pipette or a catheter, which should be entered only through the mouth 6-7 times a day. At ‘feeding a premature baby should gradually move from one mode to the other, more natural, from spoons to the pipette, and then to the dummy. When you see a good sucking movements can be applied to the child’s chest.– Далее –

Child health, Newborn Care, Premature babies

Caring for premature babies

Environmental conditions and proper maintenance are important in preserving life premature baby. When properly organized care premature infants in the first days of life is well developed, and by the end of the first year of their weight increased by 5-7 times. First we need to monitor the condition of the premises in which the premature infant. Floor should be cleaned 3-4 times a day, room air 5-7 times. Under no circumstances should there be in a room where the new-born adults with symptoms of influenza, acute respiratory illness.

For premature infants is equally dangerous as cooling and overheating. Temperature due to overheating, a child may rise to 37-38 °C, hypothermia – lowered to 35 °C. At home, to warm the child has to use conventional heaters. Hot water bottle filled halfway with hot water, tightly closed and placed near the child from the sides and legs. They have to change every 3-4 hours. Do not put a heating pad on the chest and abdomen of the child, it is very difficult to breath.– Далее –

Child health, Newborn Care, Premature babies

Premature babies

Child^[ru] called premature if born before the end of fetal weight below 2500 g, and a body length of less than 45 cm Medical Statistics notes that there were many cases when it was possible to save the life of a child born weighing 900 and even 600 g.

With this weight and height functions of all premature infants are underdeveloped, so to extrauterine existence of a child is ill suited. Premature infants, along with general weakness broken thermotaxis. These children are equally fast temperature can rise to 40 °C or drop to 35 °C. The lower weight of the child, the more he pronounced instability of body temperature and its tendency to volatility. Breath-preterm infants surface, there is a tendency to asphyxia (suffocation). Due to the fact that the immunity of their sharply reduced, the most common disease in these children in the first months of life are respiratory tract infections.– Далее –

Newborn Care

Clothes of the child on the first year of a life

The clothes of the child^[ru] on the first year of a life should correspond not only to its growth, but also other physical data. For babies of the first months of a life diapers cotton (15-20 pieces) and flannel (5-6 pieces), gauze diapers (15-20 pieces) are necessary Some easy and flannel baby’s undershirts and in a smaller measure — kerchiefs and caps. From second month of a life the child requires toddlers (better with shoulder straps) which put on during wakefulness over a jacket used instead of a warm baby’s undershirt. It is very important not to muffle up the kid.

Houses at temperature 20-22 °С are not necessary to it a woollen cap, warm knitted jackets. If to the kid it is cold — his face turns pale, he starts to cry, when to it hot — integuments redden. It is possible to judge its condition more precisely, having felt a skin of a neck and arms above brushes. In a cold season of the child of the first months of a life for walk in the street or a dream on a balcony turn in cotton a blanket and, having put on a head a warm hat, put in a warm quilted envelope with which it is possible to replace with a blanket.– Далее –

Child health, Newborn Care

Processing of a skin of the newborn

The skin^[ru] of the newborn is necessary for processing daily at a morning toilet and after each emiction or a defecation, and also after bathing. After intimate washing a skin of the kid dry applying by a matter to a body, and then inguinal and cluneal dermal cords grease with a cream or powder. In order to avoid damage of very gentle, easily vulnerable integuments of the newborn, all subjects adjoining to a skin, should be soft.

To process a skin it is necessary only blotting movements. At a morning toilet the person of the child wash with boiled water; eyes^[ru] process a weak solution of Furacilinum; nasal courses and external acoustical passages in the presence of crusts wipe the hard wadded wicks moistened in sterile vegetable oil; dermal cords wipe the cotton plugs moistened sterile vegetative or a liquid paraffin, a children’s cream, or slightly powder Talcum or a children’s dusting powder. In each separate case individual selection of agents is necessary. In case of occurrence of a boring an agent used for processing of a skin, it is necessary to wash off carefully with soap and to use another.

Dermatologist, Thesaurus

Skin – description outer integument

Skin (hereinafter – the “S.”) (article in Russian^[ru] – “кожа“) – is the outer covering of the body of animals and humans, exercising functions of defense against external influences, as well as touch, metabolism (including gas exchange), excretion, sometimes thermoregulation. S. prevents penetration into the internal environment of microorganisms, toxins, mechanical damage, takes mechanical, thermal and painful effects, defines animal coloring, highlights odorous, toxic or nutritional substances serving signals in security or rearing of offspring.

The skin consists of an outer (epithelial) and internal (connective tissue) layers separated by a basal membrane and often forming numerous derivatives (see Fig. 1, 2, 3).– Далее –

Child health, Newborn Care

Hygiene of the newborn

In the house of the newborn it is necessary to be prepared for occurrence carefully. If it is not possible to make apartment face lifting general cleaning is obligatory. For normal development and creation of the best hygienic conditions, to the child, it is as though small was, in apartment own corner where its bed, a table with leaving subjects would take places, a bedside table with personal things is necessary. This place should be the most light, free from unnecessary for care of the child of things and subjects. That sunlight was less, parents often hang up dense curtains and curtains on windows. To do it it is not recommended — the sun for the child as it is necessary, as cleanliness of a premise, air, linen, ware.

Before for the first time putting the child in a bed, it should be washed up well warm water with soap and further to wash weekly. The bed of the child should be equal, a mattress — rigid, not caving in under gravity of the kid (the bent position is very harmful to its not strong skeleton.). The pillow during first time is absolutely not necessary. It is possible to use small flat (not down) a small pillow later. A mattress on three quarters cover with an oilcloth, and from above a bed-sheet. It is not necessary to veil a bed a bed curtains or a curtain as it breaks ventilation of air and, besides, deprives of the child of light so necessary for it. In order to avoid diseases of a skin and infection with infectious diseases it is impossible to put the child in bed with other children or adults. It is necessary to remember, that healthy ^[ru]adult children can be carriers of bacteria which do not cause disease in them, but can be dangerous to children of early age. It is not recommended to use instead of a bed a low carriage, since. Rising at walking of adults the dust from a floor gets on the child, and in a dust microbes which can be dangerous to the newborn contain. Everything to what the child adjoins, should contain in the strict cleanliness.– Далее –